What abnormality is characterized by trophoblast growth during pregnancy?

The condition characterized by abnormal trophoblast growth during pregnancy is known as a molar pregnancy. This occurs when there is an abnormal fertilization process that results in an overgrowth of trophoblastic tissue, which normally forms part of the placenta. In a complete molar pregnancy, there is no normal fetal development; the tissue grows abnormally and can lead to complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

Molar pregnancies typically result in a mass of cyst-like structures rather than viable placental tissue. This condition can lead to high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the mother, which is often the first clue that something is abnormal. Additionally, ultrasound findings in a molar pregnancy will show characteristic "grape-like" clusters instead of a developing fetus.

Recognizing and diagnosing a molar pregnancy is critical for the management of the patient to prevent further complications, such as the potential for developing gestational trophoblastic neoplasia if left untreated.