What condition, caused by Group A Streptococcus, is known to cause a distinctive rash?

Scarlet fever is the condition caused by Group A Streptococcus that is characterized by a distinctive rash. This rash typically appears as red spots or a "sunburned" appearance on the skin, and is often accompanied by symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and a characteristic "strawberry tongue." The rash in scarlet fever usually starts on the chest and then spreads to other parts of the body, often accompanied by a sandpaper-like texture.

The other conditions listed do not stem from Group A Streptococcus and have different causes and manifestations. Chickenpox, for instance, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and features fluid-filled blisters, while measles is a viral infection resulting in a more generalized rash and has different systemic symptoms. Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that primarily affects the face and does not involve a rash that is similar to that seen in scarlet fever.