What does cholesteatoma signify in the middle ear and mastoid?

Cholesteatoma is characterized as an abnormal growth of squamous epithelium, which can develop in the middle ear and mastoid region. This growth arises when skin cells and other debris accumulate in the middle ear, often as a result of chronic ear infections or eustachian tube dysfunction. The abnormal growth disrupts normal ear function and can lead to the destruction of surrounding structures due to its expansion and associated inflammation.

Understanding this condition is crucial in assessing its impact on hearing and potential complications, which can include hearing loss, recurrent infections, or more severe damage to nearby structures, such as the mastoid process or even the inner ear. Identification of cholesteatoma as an abnormal epithelial growth clarifies its pathogenic nature and guides appropriate management strategies, which often include surgical intervention to remove the growth and prevent further complications.