What is the Erikson stage associated with children aged 18 months to 3 years?

The stage associated with children aged 18 months to 3 years is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. During this developmental period, children begin to assert their independence and develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of autonomy. As they explore their environment, they engage in activities such as potty training, choosing their clothes, and making small decisions, which are crucial for developing self-esteem and confidence.

Successful navigation of this stage results in feelings of autonomy and confidence as children learn to do things for themselves. If parents or caregivers overly restrict the child's independence or make them feel inadequate about their efforts, this can lead to feelings of shame and doubt regarding their abilities, which can affect their self-esteem later in life.

The other stages mentioned pertain to different age groups: Intimacy vs. Isolation occurs in young adulthood, Trust vs. Mistrust is relevant for infants up to 18 months, and Industry vs. Inferiority pertains to school-age children. Each stage addresses specific psychosocial challenges appropriate for the respective developmental phases, emphasizing the importance of the correct age range for each Erikson stage.