What is the procedure used to examine the colon for abnormalities?

Colonoscopy is the appropriate procedure for examining the entire colon for abnormalities. This procedure involves the use of a long, flexible tube equipped with a camera, which is inserted through the rectum and advanced through the large intestine. It allows for a thorough inspection of the colon's lining, enabling the detection of polyps, tumors, inflammation, or other potential issues. Additionally, if necessary, biopsies can be performed during the procedure, and certain treatments can be administered concurrently, such as polyp removal.

In contrast, sigmoidoscopy only examines the sigmoid colon and rectum, meaning it does not provide a complete view of the entire colon. Endoscopy is a broader term that encompasses various procedures involving internal examination but does not specifically refer to the colon. Gastroscopy focuses on the upper gastrointestinal tract, examining the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine. Therefore, colonoscopy is the definitive method for a comprehensive assessment of the colon.