What medical intervention can help identify neural tube defects in pregnancy?

Alpha-fetoprotein screening is a crucial medical intervention used to identify neural tube defects during pregnancy. This blood test measures the levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a protein produced by the developing fetus. Abnormally high levels of AFP in the mother's blood can indicate potential neural tube defects, such as spina bifida or anencephaly. Early detection is essential, as it allows for further assessment and management of the pregnancy.

While ultrasound imaging is also valuable for detecting structural abnormalities in the fetus, it may not provide definitive information about certain neural tube defects if the structural changes are subtle. Blood pressure screening is not relevant in this context, as it primarily monitors maternal health rather than fetal development, and genetic counseling, while important for assessing overall genetic risks, does not specifically identify neural tube defects. Hence, the alpha-fetoprotein screening is the most direct method for screening these specific conditions.