Which condition is indicated by Heberden and Bouchard's nodes?

Heberden and Bouchard's nodes are specific findings associated with osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and bone in the joints. Heberden's nodes are bony swellings that occur at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, while Bouchard's nodes form at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. The presence of these nodes indicates the joint changes that occur due to osteoarthritis, resulting in pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion in affected areas. These findings are particularly notable in older adults, as osteoarthritis is more prevalent with age due to the cumulative wear and tear on joints over time.

In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that typically presents with joint swelling and deformities but does not specifically lead to the formation of Heberden or Bouchard nodes. Gout, on the other hand, is characterized by acute inflammation in joints, often starting with the big toe, due to uric acid crystals but does not involve these specific nodes. Psoriatic arthritis, associated with psoriasis, may cause swelling and deformities but is also different from osteoarthritis regarding the clinical presentation of nodular formations.