Which of the following conditions is linked to severe weight loss?

Severe weight loss is often associated with hyperthyroidism, which is a condition where the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormones. These hormones are responsible for regulating metabolism, and when present in high levels, they can significantly increase the metabolic rate. This can lead to several symptoms, including rapid weight loss, increased appetite, fatigue, and heat intolerance. The heightened metabolism means that the body burns calories at an unusually high rate, making it difficult for individuals to maintain or gain weight despite possibly eating more.

Other conditions listed can impact weight in different ways, but they are not primarily linked to severe weight loss. For example, hypertension primarily affects blood pressure and may influence lifestyle factors, but it does not directly cause significant weight loss. Arthritis can cause discomfort and limit mobility, which might lead to weight changes, but it is more often linked to sedentariness rather than severe weight loss. Asthma can affect physical activity levels, but it does not typically cause the metabolic changes seen in hyperthyroidism that lead to major weight loss.